Forensic Databases Have Grown With Our Advancements In

Forensic databases have grown with our advancements in technology that law enforcement uses a forensic DNA database that uses a method called, familial matching. Familial DNA searching looks for partial matches that can not only match the suspect’s DNA, but the suspect’s family line. This is unlike the typical DNA database that law enforcement has used for years. For that DNA database makes an exact match between the suspect of the crime and his or her DNA sample. Familial DNA searches have been found to be beneficial to Police and Criminal Investigators, and Crime Analysists. However, the practice of familial searching has been claimed to go against our civil liberties and rights. In addition to being used for racial profiling because†¦show more content†¦When the couple left the restaurant, the investigators took the drinking cups from where they were eating to obtain DNA traces. The Analysists and investigators could match the DNA results to the DNA that was collected from the victims, but they could not rule out which O’Leary was responsible because the DNA only showed that it could have been O’Leary or his brother who committed the rapes, or that both siblings could had been responsible. Opponents argue that familial DNA searches invades their constitutional right of privacy under the Fourth Amendment. In addition, to being subjected to same equal burdens that convicted offenders would endure. For instance, people whose only fault is having the misfortune of being biologically related to the convicted offender. The innocent suspect would be burdened with a criminal investigation which can disrupt their lifestyles, such as disrupting their work and family relationships. Frederick Bieber, an authority on familial DNA searches and a medical geneticist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston argues that, â€Å"There’s no conflict between developing an investigative lead and protecting the privacy and dignity of individuals† (Ed. Louise I, 1). Basically, law enforcement must consider the interests of the innocent family members when they are investigating crimes. In addition, the criminal justice system must avoid using racial disparities when usingShow MoreRelatedShould The Government And Other Agencies Be Able To Evaluate The Dna Case Study1770 Words   |  8 PagesShould the government and other agencies be able to view our sequenced DNA? DNA has always been known to the common person as the genetic material that is found in every cell in your body to express your different traits from your hair color to your fingerprint. Though most don’t know that your DNA can also give information about what diseases or chronic illnesses you are predisposed too10. New technological advancements in the medical field have led to scientists being able to sequence your whole genomeRead MoreAn Investigation Of The Crime Scene Units2274 Words   |  10 Pages(Casey Anthony Case, 2013) It is not clear who actually made these searches. Cindy admits she was trying to look up chlorophyll and ended up searching for chloroform by mistake. All in all, this seemed unlikely to investigators but they did not have the definitive proof needed to charge anyone. At this time they still only had Casey as a person of interest. The entire family refused to take a polygraph test. It was nearly six months after Caylee went missing before any new evidence was foundRead MoreHistory of Corrections: from Then to Now1809 Words   |  8 Pageshas witnessed various perspectives and goals. The best method of administering punishment to these prisoners has remained an issue of dispute for many years. 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We encourage the adoption of this guidance as a good operating practiceRead MoreMobile Health Applications For Mental Health3491 Words   |  14 Pagesinterventions through mobile technologies. However, there is uncertainty as to the current rates of ownership of mobile devices among people with serious mental illness. As mobile devices have become increasingly available, less expensive to own, and cellular networks have grown more widespread, smartphone ownership has grown. Mobile technology has the potential to decrease barriers to access to mental health care and may be a useful tool for increasing patient engagement. As new technologies emerge, itRead MoreMobile Phone Has Turned Into The Eye Catching Business For Criminals5499 Words   |  22 Pagesthieves. Our paper proposes another inventive, re liable, nitwit confirmation security measure for phones developing voice acknowledgment and fingerprint acknowledgment. Our proposition requests neither outer equipment nor additional expense. The above strategies have no hardship for the client dissimilar to the present security systems. This technique can be received all around in all models of cell phones for protection.Smart phones join the usefulness of mobiles and PDAs. These gadgets have grown toRead MoreBCH190 Essay14810 Words   |  60 Pages(B) oxygen molecules (C) proteins (D) mitochondria (E) aspirin 8. Prokaryotic cells: (A) are complex creature and usually do not live in diverse and extreme environments (B) lack a membrane bound nucleus like most bacteria (C) have membrane bound organelles that originated from bacteria (D) are animal type cells with diverse biochemical compartments (E) only live in extreme environment without oxygen 9. The endosymbiont hypothesis: (A) has been shown to be false byRead MoreDebt Collection Industry15330 Words   |  62 Pagesinclude consolidation of agencies, technology improvements and accounting changes. A rise in collections from legal entities, government institutions and healthcare establishments will also support growth. Outsourcing Credit-issuing firms have attempted to manage cash flow and costs by outsourcing debt collection services at higher rates, increasing collection opportunities. This driver is expected to increase over 2013, making it a potential opportunity for industry growth. 5 Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagescomprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious

Essay on Disney’s Entertainment Empire Exploiting Innocence

Disney is loved by millions of people around the world, but when it is exposed beyond the smiles and the music, Disney is far from being magical. When Americans are asked to describe Disney into words, majority would often reply with energetic responses, such as magical, imaginative, creative, and inspirational. Although Disney’s accomplishments dominated the world of fairy tales and fantasies, many people argue that Disney targeted innocent children for all the wrong reasons. Walt Disney developed his business into a multi-billion dollar television network, theme parks, motion pictures, vacation destinations and media corporations that carries his name. However, the controversial issues raised in Frank Zipes’ essay â€Å"Breaking the†¦show more content†¦Walt Disney abused his power in the media because he control multiple media outlets and basically shape reality for viewers. The documentary, The Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney Childhood and Corporate Powe r, further explain Disney’s representation of corporate power and entertainment by using romance as fantasy that doesn’t need to be questioned by anyone. Disney’s tactical way of appealing to majority allows our society to be blindsided by â€Å"special effects†, commercials, and magical aspect of Disney’s tales. Furthermore, Disney utilizes gender by applying sexual and erotic connotation that are observe by young children which are heavily emphasized in stories and fairy tales produced by Disney Productions. Zipes continues his argument towards Disney demonstrations of hyper sexualized images and reveals, â€Å"The carefully arranged images narrate through seduction and imposition of the animator’s hand and the camera† (Zipes 351). Zipes reminds us that Disney use delightful images, humorous figures and erotic or sexual signs to deprive the audience through the production and manipulation. Audiences can no longer visualize a fair y tale for themselves as when they read because pictures and film remove the audience from envisioning their own characters, roles, and desires. Once again Disney aims for young girls with their objectification of femininity in society by incorporatingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Snow White And The Little Mermaid 2768 Words   |  12 Pages Peter Alilunas J412 5/5/15 J412 Midterm Prompt #1 The manufacture of fantasy is seen throughout each piece of Disney’s work. Whether it is magical powers or a happily ever after ending, Disney never fails to promote unrealistic and fantastical ideas. The manufacture of fantasy is seen in the very first seconds of Disney films. In Snow White and The Little Mermaid, there is a common theme of fantasy that is portrayed throughout the films. The fantasy of beauty as a source of power and envy playsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagescoercive dimension of management accounting, embodied in the working and day-to-day lives of individuals, resonates in the comments by Boland (1987: 272) on this particular genre of management accounting research: It should shatter the feelings of innocence and neutrality we all prize so deeply. Most of all, it should help us ask: what are we doing when we do cost accounting? 3.8 Latourian frame Interesting constructions of management accounting practice have also been provided by researchers mobilizingRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesgroups associated with the organization wish to achieve? Strategic choice has three aspects: âž ¡ The generation of strategic options, which should go beyond the most obvious courses of action âž ¡ The evaluation of strategic options, which may be based on exploiting an organization’s relative strengths or on overcoming its weaknesses âž ¡ The selection of a preferred strategy which will enable the organization to seize opportunities within its environment or to counter threats from competitors. 12 S T R

Kinds of Oblique Drawing Essay Example For Students

Kinds of Oblique Drawing Essay Oblique drawings are designed to show a three dimensional view of an object. The width of the object will still be drawn as a horizontal line, but the depth can be drawn back at any angle. You can choose the best angle to make the drawing look the best. There are three types of oblique, cavalier, normal, and cabinet oblique. Cabinet drawings are when the you cut the depth in halt. Cavalier drawings are when you keep the depth the full measurement. Normal drawings are when you cut the depth by 3/4. The following guide will present to you the ways to create an oblique drawing. You can use a picture of a Three-View drawing to get the dimensions. Using those emissions you can make a oblique drawing. Start With the front View and draw the construction lines that you would see from the front view. These would be light lines that overlap that give you an idea of What the drawing would kick like. This is not the actual drawing Of the Object. Then draw all the depth lines at an angle back from the front view. Connect all the lines that would be on the top view that you can now see in the oblique. Poor a finished example of a oblique drawing (file viewable in Autocrat L T), you may click the link below: I Draw the front view Of the Object, using only horizontal and vertical lines to construct the sides. Draw a diagonal line backwards at a 45 degree from each corner of the front view. Extend the line to the designated length Of the depth. Connect the points of the diagonal lines to reconstruct another outline of the front face. Darken the lines that would be visible if the object was seen in three- emissions, and erase the rest of the lines. I I The sketch opposite is of a former and block that are used to bend Perspex I I 190 degrees. The Perspex is heated until it becomes soft and then it is placed line the former until it cools. The diagram can be drawn quite quickly because the designer used a style of drawing called oblique projection. So long as I basic rules are followed, Oblique projection is quite easy to master and it may I I Vibe a suitable style for PU to use in a design project. The basic rules are I outlined below. PROJECTION I I EXAMPLE OBLIQUE l I Opposite is a cube with all edges the same length. To draw it in oblique projection follow three main rules: II, Draw the front or side view of the object. 12. All measurements drawn backwards are half the original measurement. 3. 45 degrees is the angle for all lines drawn backwards. I Topic STAGE ONE: Draw the front view and project 45 degrees lines from each corner I I I(pick] STAGE TWO: draw the back two lines of the cube in position. Go round the eluting of the cube with a fine black pen or dark, sharp pencil. Mathematically, the parallel projection of the point . The constants uniquely specie a parallel projection. When , the projection is said to be orthographic or orthogonal Otherwise, it is oblique. The constants are not necessarily less than I, and as a consequence lengths measured On an Oblique projection may be either larger or shorter than they were in space. In a general oblique projection, spheres Of the space are projected as ellipses on the drawing plane, and not as circles as you would expect them from an orthogonal projection. Oblique drawing is also the crudest AD drawing method but the easiest to aster. Oblique is not really a AD system but a 2 dimensional view of an object with forced depth. .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d , .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .postImageUrl , .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d , .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d:hover , .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d:visited , .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d:active { border:0!important; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d:active , .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf881061f3a27f128cf223cf29f2885d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drawing On Appropriate Evidence From Chapter EssayOne way to draw using an oblique view is to draw the side of the object you are looking at in two dimensions, i. E. Flat, and then draw the other sides at an angle of 45 degrees, hut instead of drawing the sides full size they are only drawn with halt the depth creating forced depth adding an element of realism to the object. Even with this forced depth, oblique drawings look very unconvincing to the eye. For this reason oblique is rarely used by professional designers and engineers,

Macbeth Essays (1214 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth THE NATURE OF EVIL How does the play portray evil as a perversion of human nature? Show how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have to go against their own natures in order to kill Duncan. Trace the effect the betrayal of human nature has on each of them. How does the imagery of disease function in Macbeth? Trace the way in which evil works on Macbeth and on Scotland like a sickness. Find imagery to support the idea that Malcolm and Macduff heal the country by overthrowing Macbeth. What makes Macbeth susceptible to evil? Explore the nature of Macbeth's ambition, and show how it overrides his sense of right and wrong. Evil within vs. evil without. Is evil an outside force, or does it come from within a person? Find instances in the play to support either theory, or both. How is Macbeth destroyed by evil? Trace the path of Macbeth's downfall and show how it happens as a consequence of his murdering Duncan. As Macbeth becomes more evil, how do his feelings change? Start by exploring how his feelings at the beginning of the play are much like anybody else's. Trace the way in which his feelings about people and his responses to events become twisted and abnormal. Trace how Lady Macbeth is destroyed by evil. Show how she renounces all human feeling in Act I and seems to be successful. After the murder, follow her downward course into madness and death. How does evil work by deception? Contrast what Macbeth and Lady Macbeth believe they are gaining through murder with what they actually get. Do they deceive themselves, or are they deceived by others? How can evil be avoided? Macbeth gives in to temptation. Take several characters who maintain their integrity and investigate what the play says about how they do it. How does Shakespeare establish the atmosphere of evil which pervades Macbeth? Start with the witches, and show how their presence reflects on all the events of the play. Give examples of how the imagery in the language creates a feeling of evil. Also examine the setting. THE SUPERNATURAL How does Macbeth's changing attitude toward the supernatural reflect the change in his character? Contrast Macbeth's reaction to the witches when he first sees them with his attitude toward them in Act IV. Supernatural events occur throughout the play. Discuss their dramatic function. Each time Macbeth encounters something supernatural- the witches, the floating dagger, a ghost- he moves more deeply into evil. List the supernatural events and comment on how each marks a step in Macbeth's downfall. Do the supernatural events really occur, or are they projections of Macbeth's inner state? Some readers believe that the floating dagger, Banquo's ghost, and even the witches are products of Macbeth's imagination. Explore that possibility. Point out in what way, if any, the meaning of the play is changed by accepting or rejecting the reality of the supernatural. How do the witches' predictions influence Macbeth's actions? Analyze what they tell Macbeth at the beginning of the play. How do they win his confidence? Why do those particular prophesies have such an effect on him? Do the same for the second set of predictions. Nature itself reacts to some of the events in a super-natural manner. Explore how the theme of good vs. evil is supported by such occurrences. Good in the play is not relative; it is absolute. Give examples in which nature itself seems to be condemning an evil action. THE CHARACTERS Describe the way Macbeth and Lady Macbeth influence each other in the play. What effect does Lady Macbeth's determination to kill Duncan have on her husband? After the murder, how does Macbeth change, and how does that affect Lady Macbeth? Contrast Macbeth's imaginative nature with Lady Macbeth's pragmatic nature. Compare their attitudes toward Duncan's murder, both before and after the deed. Throughout the play, give instances of his poetic description of feelings and situations and her prosaic, practical way of thinking and expressing herself. Compare Malcolm, the rightful king, with Macbeth. What motivates each of them? Does Malcolm care about his people? Does Macbeth? Compare the way Macbeth manipulates the two murderers for his own purposes and the way Malcolm temporarily deceives

The Son of Sam and Terror of New York essays

The Son of Sam and Terror of New York essays The Son of Sam and Terror of New York "At one a.m. on July twenty-ninth a man was cruising in the Bronx when he spotted two young women sitting in a parked blue Oldsmobile. He swung around a corner and abandoned his car, pushing the bag-covered pistol into the waistband of his trousers. With his characteristics gait he shuffled back toward the women, Donna Lauria, eighteen, a medical technician, and Jody Valenti, nineteen, a student nurse. They were parked in front on Lauria's home; her parents had just returned from a restaurant and had spoken to their daughter before going into the house. Donna had promised to follow in a minute. At 1:10 a.m., the man walked up to the passenger side of the Oldsmobile Cutlass, pulled his revolver from the paper bag, and assumed a semi-crouch. He pulled the trigger five times. (True Crime 1992, 164) As the car window shattered, Donna Lauria raised her hands to protect herself. One of the .44 caliber bullets struck her in the right side of the neck, killing her quickly. Another bullet hit Jody Valenti in the thigh. She screamed and fell forward, landing on the car horn. The man dashed back to his car and drove away"(True Crime 1992, 164) This was the start of a terrifying year for New York. A demon was among the city. This demon possessed the mind of a twenty-three-year-old pudgy Jewish man. The demon was a six thousand-year-old spirit, which communicated to him through his neighbor, Sam Carr's Labrador retriever. (Reicher 1996) Born Richard David Falco but better known now as the Son of Sam or the .44 Caliber killer had no real sense of identity from birth. The result of an affair between his mother and her married lover he was unwanted even before birth. As soon as he was born adoption papers had been filed. Unlike many children stuck in the system for years, the baby was adopted. Pearl and Nat Berkowitz, a Jewish couple, adopted him and changed his name to David Berkowitz...

Measure for Measure Act 2 - Analysis

Measure for Measure Act 2 - Analysis Our Measure for Measure Study Guide is packed with scene-by-scene analysis for this classic Shakespeare play. Here we focus on  Measure for Measure  Act 2 analysis to guide you through the plot. Act 2, Scene 1 Angelo is defending his actions by saying that the law must change in order that the people continue to have fear and respect of it. He compares the law to a scarecrow which after time, no longer scares the birds but acts as a perch for them. Escalus urges Angelo to be more temperate, he tells him that Claudio is from a good family and that he could have easily been promoted to a similar position as Angelo’s. He asks Angelo to be fair, saying: â€Å"Whether you had not sometime in your life Erred in this point which now you censure him†. Escalus questions Angelo wondering whether he is being hypocritical. Angelo admits to being tempted but says he has never given in to his temptation: â€Å"Tis one thing to be tempted, Escalus, another thing to fall† He says that he would expect the same treatment if he transgressed but acknowledged that he could well have done in another circumstance. Angelo talks about the fine line between criminals and those who pass the law, we are all capable of criminality but some have the power to prosecute others that don’t. Angelo orders the Provost to execute Claudio and nine the next morning. Escalus hopes that heaven will forgive Claudio and Angelo for condemning him; he feels sorry for Claudio who has only made one small mistake, and contemplates Angelo’s fate for potentially committing worse actions and going unpunished: â€Å"Well heaven forgive him, and forgive us all! Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. Some run from brakes of vice, and answer none; and some condemned for a fault alone† Enter Elbow a constable, Froth a foolish gentleman, Pompey, and officers. Elbow explains that he is the Duke’s constable. He often gets his words muddled so it makes it difficult for Angelo to question him. He has brought Froth and Pompey to him for being in a brothel. Froth confesses to working for Mistress Overdone and Escalus tells the men that working in prostitution is illegal and punishable and that they should not be seen in a brothel again. Escalus then asks Elbow to bring him the names of other worthy constables. He reflects on Claudio’s fate with regret but feels that nothing can be done about it. Act 2 Scene 2 The Provost is hoping that Angelo will relent. Angelo enters; The Provost asks him if Claudio will die the next day. Angelo tells him that of course he will die and asks him why he is being questioned on the matter. Angelo tells the Provost that he should get on with his job. The Provost explains that Juliet is about to give birth, he asks Angelo what should be done with her. Angelo tells him to: â€Å"Dispose of her to some more fitter place and that with speed.† The Provost explains that a very virtuous maid, the sister of Claudio wishes to speak with Angelo. It is explained to Angelo that she is a nun. Isabella implores Angelo to condemn the crime but not the man who committed it. Angelo says that the crime is already condemned. Urged on by Lucio to be less cold, Isabella further entreats Angelo to free her brother; she says that had Claudio been in Angelo’s position he would not have been so stern. Angelo tells Isabella that Claudio will die; she tells him that Claudio is not ready and pleads with him to give him a stay of execution. Angelo’s will appears to be bending as Isabella is told to return tomorrow. Isabella says: â€Å"Hark how I’ll bribe you, good my lord, turn back.† This pricks Angelo’s interest: â€Å"How bribe me?† She offers to pray for him. Angelo is sexually attracted to Isabella but is confused because he is more attracted to her because she is virtuous. He says: â€Å"O let her brother live!... What do I love her†.

The conflict in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The conflict in the Middle East - Essay Example Similarly, international relations are concerned with how countries in the world relate to each other and the impact of that relation and whether it is beneficial or destructive. In essence international relation is meant to bring mutual cooperation amongst countries. Before we go further we need to know in a nutshell the history and the nature of Israeli Palestinian conflict. This conflict began in the late 19th century, but the conflict turned into a nasty during the early 1990s with both sides employing the use of artillery that resulted in many deaths from both sides. Consequently as the aggression increased so did the human suffering and this definitely caught the attention of the world thus the need to find a lasting solution to the issue. Historical accounts indicate that the Jews were displaced from the land which they were occupying formerly known a Canaan through continuous conflict with its neighbors. During the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire had conquered the whole of t he Middle East. Thus all the peoples of this region came under the Ottoman rule and during the First World War the Ottomans sided with the Germans while on the other hand the British supported an Arab uprising against the Ottomans. The British did this with the promise that they were then going to give the Arabs independence and thus self rule. Of importance to note at this point is that the British also promised to give the Jews who were scattered the world over a homeland in the Palestine. After the war, a declaration known as the Belfour declaration was signed by the British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour. The declaration stated its support for... The conflict in the Middle East The American- Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (2013), puts the number of Jews killed at 24,841 and that of Palestinians killed at 90,785. This paper will thus be looking at the global position of the Middle East, the two warring states (Israel and Palestine), nature and history of the conflict, cost of the war, current state of the conflict, role of leaders, impact of the conflict, and that of religion in this conflict. The Middle East is a location in the east of the world map and it can also be said to comprise Western Asia. This is a region starting from the northeastern part of Africa to southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe.Several ethnic groups inhabit this area with the largest group being the Arab with Jews, Palestinians, Kurds, and Persians among others being the small ethnic groupings. In spite of being neighbors the two states are in a constant war mode that is detrimental to the populations in both states. Interestingly, part of the Palestinian state is located on the southwest of Israel (Gaza) and the other part is located east of Israel (west Bank). This therefore means that both Israel and Palestinian Gaza have access to the Mediterranean Sea and both share borders with Jordan and Egypt. There are several reasons that created this conflict which have had negative impacts on populations of both countries, their economies as well as the social order. Numerous attempts have been made by world leaders at bringing this situation under control but results have not as yet been positive.

Top paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Top - Research Paper Example enic activities such as burning of fossil fuels and emission of green house gases have been said to be the prime suspects many conservative scientists still believe that Global warming is a natural phenomenon and not a man-made one. After the Earth’s origin the temperature of the earth has changed continuously throughout the geologic time period. As a matter of fact global warming is an important phenomenon that is important for survival of life on Earth without which the earth’s temperature would drop drastically. Conservatives believe that till date there is no credible or reliable information about the phenomenon of Global warming. A thorough study of the Geologic time scale would reveal that instances of global warming has even occurred in the past with temperatures of Earth exceeding than what it is today. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is one of the most recent cases of Global warming said to have occurred almost 56 million years ago (Bowen et al, 2004, p.495). This not only caused warm temperature conditions but also caused release of almost 2000 x 109 metric tons of carbon  into the ocean waters causing ocean acidification, a phenomenon which can be seen today (Zachos et al, 2005, p.1611). Today rapid acidification is attributed to global warming however such acidification is known to occur thousands of years ago when man’s harmful anthropogenic activities did not exists. Global warming is known to be the major cause of melting of ice caps and rising of the water level. However, recent studies of the polar ice caps have shown that in most areas of the Arctic the ice caps have thickened. GIS images have shown that in 2012 polar ice-caps covered almost 3.91 square kilometers whereas as of 2014 the polar ice-caps cover almost 5.62 million square kilometers which is in contrast to the global warming model (Rose, 2014). If man’s activities were to be the cause of global warming then such a phenomenon would not have occurred since Man

Complexometric Determination of Water Hardnesss Essay Example for Free

Complexometric Determination of Water Hardnesss Essay Introduction/Background: This lab was about determining water hardness. Water hardness is the amount of metal ions in the water. The most common found ion in the water is calcium ions and typically with a charge of +2. Water hardness plays a big significance in our daily life because to many metal ions in our drinking water can have adverse effects on our body. You can measure the water hardness by EDTA titrations. EDTA is a disodium salt that stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and it is a chelating agent. Chelation is the process of a ligand forms a complex with a metal ion. Eriochrome Black T is an indicator you add to the water sample that will turn the water pink if metal ions exist. Through the process of titration, carefully adding EDTA to the water sample with the Eriochrome Black T will cause a chemical reaction to occur, slowly changing the water color from pink to violet and then violet to a light blue which will be the end of the chemical reaction. Once the titration is complete you can calculate your water hardness. Above in the formula V represents the actual delivered volume of Na2EDTA solution and M is your actual molarity. Procedures: Start by preparing 500mL of 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. This is what will be added to the buret. Next take a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and add 10.00mL of standardized calcium and 30mL of deionized water. Place a magnetic stir-bar in the flask and set on top of a piece of white paper on a magnetic stirrer. After place 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH10) inside the flask and let it stir for thirty seconds. Lastly add four drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator to the solution which will turn it a pink color. Begin titration and watch as the color changes from pink to violet and then violet to a light blue color. Record the data when the color turns a light blue and repeat the process two more times. Fill the buret with the same 500mL of 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. Take 25.00mL of an unknown water sample and add it to a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask. Mix in 20mL of deionized water. Set a magnetic stir-bar inside the solution and place on the magnetic stirrer. Next add 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH10). After thirty seconds of stirring add four drops of the Eriochrome Back T indicator and watch as the solution turns pink. Begin your titration by slowly adding small droplets of the 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. The color will slowly change to a violet color and then to a blue color which will be the stopping point. Record the data and repeat two more times. With the data collected calculates the hardness of each sample, then the average water hardness of all three samples, and lastly the precision of each trial. Compare your data to the expected range of a local cities water hardness. Results and Discussion: The first three titrations involved the known Calcium stock, titration 1 used 22.91ml of Na2EDTA solution before the titration complete. The second Titration used 21.91ml while the third and final used 21.55ml of solution. During the procedure a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask was used as well as a 50ml burette, the buret was filled with our Na2EDTA solution while the flask was filled with 30ml of DI water, 3ml of ammonia, and 4 drops of an indicator, in this case Eriochrome Black T. Experimental error was calculated by taking the sum of all absolute deviations/3 than divided by the mean concentration of Na2EDTA, in this case the mean concentration was .00452M, and lastly, multiplied by 1000 to get the answer in PPT. Table 1 below shows the readings of both solutions before and after titration. The mean concentration of these titrations is 0.00452, This figure was used to find the estimated precision which came out to 23.270% off of 100% meaning the experiment was 76.73% accurate. Finally the volume of the unknown was calculated to find the ppm for each titration and the mean of all three titrations was used to find the estimated precision of the unknown in ppm. The mean in ppm for the unknown came to 212ppm, this number was plugged into the equation for estimated precision which is the sum of all absolute value deviations/ number of trials, all of which is divide by the mean and multiplied by 1000ppt. The final figure came out to 25.2% off of 100% meaning that the experiment was 74.8% accurate. Conclusion: In conclusion the water hardness of a solution can be found by titrating a known solution containing metal ions and using a chelating agent such as EDTA to determine the impurities of each of the water samples. Also, using the data collected from each titration the concentration and mean can be found from each titration and used to determine the water hardness in ppm. The estimated precision of this experiment can be found by running multiple titrations on the same sample more than one time. The results obtained in this experiment include a mean concentration for the Calcium stock of .00452M, and an estimated precision of 76.73% and the average water hardness was 400.39ppm. The estimated precision for the unknown was 74.8% and an average water hardness of 204ppm. In this experiment 500ml of a known solution EDTA was prepared; a 10ml pipet was used to transfer a standard calcium ion stock solution into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. 30ml of DI water was added to the flask and the contents were than stirred using a magnetic stirrer and stirring rod. 3ml of Ammonia was added to the flask mixed for a few seconds underneath the fume hood and 4 drops of an indicator was added, in this case Eriochrome Black T. The contents of the flask were stirred for thirty seconds before titration began, as the titration progressed, the color changed from pink to violet and finally to a sky blue color indicating that the titration was complete. This process was completed with minor changes for the Unknown #141, 25ml of the unknown was placed in the flask and 20ml of Di water was used rather than 30ml, the rest of the titration however, used the same steps as above. Work Cited Klenck, Thomas. How It Works: Water Softener. Popular Mechanics 1 Aug. 1998: n. pag. Web. 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A Desire To Escape Dreary Dublin :: Essays Papers

A Desire To Escape Dreary Dublin In James Joyce’s literary works, Dubliners he attempts to depict Ireland and the city of Dublin and the people living there in the early nineteen hundreds. His purpose in writing this book is to depict the people of Ireland in this time and show the troubles they faced. In the stories, â€Å"The Boarding House,† â€Å"A Little Cloud† and, â€Å"The Dead,† characters are dealing with similar problems: a need to escape their life’s responsibilities. The characters desire to be free by means of escape. In â€Å"The Boarding House,† Doran desires to remain free and escape any type of responsibility involving marriage. In â€Å"A Little Cloud,† Little Chandler is struggling with being a husband and a father and the responsibility that coincides with it. Finally, in â€Å"The Dead,† Gretta wishes to escape through thoughts to a past love, who is now is deceased. It is evident in all three stories that there are themes of responsibil ity and escape. The characters in the three stories share the same desire: freedom through escape of their life responsibilities. In the story â€Å"The Boarding House,† the theme of desire to escape is clearly seen. Bob is involved with a teenager Polly, daughter of the Mooney family. Bob Doran is very reluctant to accept any type of responsibility involved with a relationship with Polly, especially the idea of marriage. â€Å"Once you are married you are done for† (61). Doran wants to escape the problems in life that he has gotten himself into. He contemplates the responsibilities that would be in his hands if he were agree to marriage, he has also thought about what others may think of this. â€Å"His instinct urged him to remain free, not to marry† (61). When the time comes for Bob to discuss his future plans about marriage with Mrs. Mooney, he desires nothing more than to escape his own life: â€Å"He longed to ascend through the roof and to another country where he would never hear again of his trouble, and yet a force pushed him downstairs step by step† (63). In the â€Å"Boarding House,† the theme of responsibility is also very prevalent. Although Bob is very unsure of everything he still feels he needs to be responsible and keep his word. Bob is aware that he is partly responsible for the relationship that has been taking place with Polly. He weighs and measures the positives and negatives of going through with marriage.

Hazrat Muhammad (saw) today’s Prophet Essay

When we talk about the historical personalities, Hazrat Mohammad PBUH is the greatest person among all. Prophet Mohammad PBUH is the last and perfect Prophet of Allah. I am pleased to share Prophet Mohammad PBUH actions towards each and every matter. Prophet Mohammad PBUH was the greatest scholar. His teachings are regarded the most valuable and acceptable knowledge. Not only Muslims but also non-Muslims are greatly inspired with his character and commend his nobility. Prophet Mohammad PBUH taught human being that how to be gentle and kind with other people and even with the animals. he life of the Holy Prophet, peace be on him, was a life of grand success. In his high moral qualities, his spiritual power, his high resolve, the excellence and perfection of his teaching, his perfect example and the acceptance of his prayers, in short, in every aspect of his life, he exhibited such bright signs that even a person of low intelligence, provided he is not inspired by unreasonable rancour and enmity, is forced to confess that he was a perfect example of the manifestation of Divine qualities and was a perfect man. . Prophet Mohammad PBUH was a great model for all the humanity. This article contains some actions towards every matter done by our beloved Prophet Hazrat Mohammad PBUH. Mercy to all mankind: Allah Subhanoho wa-T’ala Says to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.a.w.) in The Holy Quran: â€Å"And We have not sent you except as a mercy to mankind.† Hadrat Abu Huraira said: the Prophet was asked to curse the infidels. He said, â€Å"I have not been sent to curse people but as a mercy to all mankind.† (Muslim) Mother of faithful believers Hadrat Aisha (said that she once asked the Holy Prophet :’Did you face a day severer than the day of the battle of Uhud? ‘He answered: ‘Yes I have experienced such things at the hands of your people and such a day was the day of Aqabah. On this day I presented me. In this cloud I saw Angel Jibril (peace be upon him) who called me and said: Allah, the Most High, has heard what your people have said to you and the response to your offer. Allah has now sent the Angel of the Mountains to you to carry out your orders to do what you might like to be done to them. Then the Angel of the Mountains addressed me greeting with Salam and then said: ‘Muhammad! Allah (The Glorified and the Exalted) has heard what your people have said to you. I am the Angel of the Mountains and my Lord has sent me to you to carry out your orders. What do you want now to be done? If you like I may crush them between the two mountains encircling the city of Makka. The Holy Prophet replied: (I do not want their destruction) I am still hopeful that Allah will make some of their children (good Muslims) who would worship Allah, the One, without associating anybody with Him. His manners and disposition: â€Å"By the grace of Allah, you are gentle towards the people; if you had been stern and ill-tempered, they would have dispersed from round about you† (translation of Qur’an 3:159) About himself the prophet (pbuh) said:†Allah has sent me as an apostle so that I may demonstrate perfection of character, refinement of manners and loftiness of deportment.† By nature he was gentle and kind hearted, always inclined to be gracious and to overlook the faults of others. Politeness and courtesy, compassion and tenderness, simplicity and humility, sympathy and sincerity were some of the keynotes of his character. In the cause of right and justice he could be resolute and severe but more often than not, his severity was tempered with generosity. He had charming manners which won him the affection of his followers and secured their devotion. Though virtual king of Arabia and an apostle of Allah, he never assumed an air of superiority. Not that he had to conceal any such vein by practice and artifice: with fear of Allah, sincere humility was ingrained in his heart. He used to say, â€Å"I am a Prophet of Allah but I do not know what will be my end.† In one of his sermons calculated to instill the fear of Allah and the day of reckoning in the hearts of men, he said, â€Å"O people of Quraish be prepared for the hereafter, I cannot save you from the punishment of Allah; O Bani Abd Manaf, I cannot save you from Allah; O Abbas, son of Abdul Mutalib, I cannot protect you either; O Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, even you I cannot save.† He used to pray,:†O Allah! I am but a man. If I hurt any one in any manner, then forgive me and do not punish me.† He always received people with courtesy and showed respect to older people and stated: â€Å"To honor an old man is to show respect to Allah.† He would not deny courtesy even to wicked persons. It is stated that a person came to his house and asked permission for admission. The prophet (pbuh) remarked that he was not a good person but might be admitted. When he came in and while he remained in the house, he was shown full courtesy. When he left Aiysha (ra) said, â€Å"You did not think well of this man, but you treated him so well.† The prophet (pbuh) replied, â€Å"He is a bad person in the sight of Allah who does not behave courteously and people shun his company bacause of his bad manners.† He was always the first to greet another and would not withdraw his hand from a handshake till the other man withdrew his. If one wanted to say something in his ears, he would not turn away till one had finished . He did not like people to get up for him and used to say,†Let him who likes people to stand up in his honour, he should seek a place in hell.† He would himself, however, stand up when any dignitary came to him. He had stood up to receive the wet nurse who had reared him in infancy and had spread his own sheet for her. His foster brother was given similar treatment. He avoided sitting at a prominent place in a gathering, so much so that people coming in had difficulty in spotting him and had to ask which was the Prophet (pbuh). Quite frequently uncouth Bedouins accosted him in their own gruff and impolite manner but he never took offence. He used to visit the poorest of ailing persons and exhorted all muslims to do likewise â€Å". He would sit with he humblest of persons saying that righteousness alone was the criterion of one’s superiority over another. He invariably invited people be they slaves, servants or the poorest believers, to partake with him of his scanty meals . Whenever he visited a person he would first greet him and then take his permission to enter the house. He advised the people to follow this etiquette and not to get annoyed if anyone declined to give permission, for it was quite likely the person concerned was busy otherwise and did not mean any disrespect (Ibid). There was no type of household work too low or too undignified for him. Aiysha (ra) has stated, â€Å"He always joined in household work and would at times mend his clothes, repair his shoes and sweep the floor. He would milk, tether, and feed his animals and do the household shopping.† He would not hesitate to do the menial work of others, particularly of orphans and widows. Once when there was no male member in the house of the companion Kabab Bin Arat who had gone to the battlefield, he used to go to his house daily and milk his cattle for the inhabitants Justice: The Prophet (pbuh) asked people to be just and kind. As the supreme judge and arbiter, as the leader of men, as generalissimo of a rising power, as a reformer and apostle, he had always to deal with men and their affairs. He had often to deal with mutually inimical and warring tribes when showing justice to one carried the danger of antagonizing the other, and yet he never deviated from the path of justice. In administering justice, he made no distinction between believers and nonbelievers, friends and foes, high and low. From numerous instances reported in the traditions, a few are given below. Sakhar, a chief of a tribe, had helped Muhammad (pbuh) greatly in the seige of Taif, for which he was naturally obliged to him. Soon after, two charges were brought against Sakhar: one by Mughira of illegal confinement of his (Mughira’s) aunt and the other by Banu Salim of forcible occupation of his spring by Sakhar. In both cases, he decided against Sakhar and made him undo the wrong. (Abu Dawud, Sunan Dawud, pg.80) Abdullah Bin Sahal, a companion, was deputed to collect rent from Jews of Khaibar. His cousin Mahisa accompanied him but, on reaching Khaibar, they had separated. Abdullah was waylaid and done to death. Mahisa reported this tragedy to the Prophet (pbuh) but as there were no eye-witnesses to identify the guilty, he did not say anything to the Jews and paid the blood-money out of the state revenues. A woman of the Makhzoom family with good connections was found guilty of theft. For the prestige of the Quraish, some prominent people including Asama Bin Zaid interceded to save her from punishment. The Prophet (pbuh) refused to condone the crime and expressed displeasure saying, â€Å"Many a community ruined itself in the past as they only punished the poor and ignored the offences of the exalted. By Allah, if Muhammad’s (My) daughter Fatima would have committed theft, her hand would have been severed.† (Bukhari, Sahh Bukhari, Chapter â€Å"Alhadood†) The Jews, in spite of their hostility to the Prophet (pbuh), were so impressed by his impartiallity and sense of justice that they used to bring their cases to him, and he decided them according to Jewish law. (Abu Dawud, Sunan Dawud) Once, while he was distributing the spoils of war, people flocked around him and one man almost fell upon him. He pushed the men with a stick causing a slight abrasion. He was so sorry about this that he told the man that he could have his revenge, but the man said, â€Å"O messenger of Allah, I forgive you.† (Abu Dawud, Kitablu Diyat). In his fatal illness, the Prophet (pbuh) proclaimed in a concourse assembled at his house that if he owed anything to anyone the person concerned could claim it; if he had ever hurt anyone’s person, honor or property, he could have his price while he was yet in this world. A hush fell on the crowd. One man came forward to claim a few dirhams which were paid at once. (Ibn Hisham, Sirat-ur-Rasul) Equality: Muhammad (pbuh) asked people to shun notions of racial, family or any other form of superiority based on mundane things and said that righteousness alone was the criterion of one’s superiority over another. It has already been shown how he mixed with everyone on equal terms, how he ate with slaves, servants and the poorest on the same sheet (a practice that is still followed in Arabia), how he refused all privileges and worked like any ordinary laborer. Two instances may, however, be quoted here: Once the Prophet (pbuh) visited Saad Bin Abadah. While returning Saad sent his son Quais with him. The Prophet (pbuh) asked Quais to mount his camel with him. Quais hesitated out of respect but the Prophet (pbuh) insisted: â€Å"Either mount the camel or go back.† Quais decided to go back. (Abu Dawud, Kitabul Adab) On another occasion he was traveling on his camel over hilly terrain with a disciple, Uqba Bin Aamir. After going some distance, he asked Uqba to ride the camel, but Uqba thought this would be showing disrespect to the Prophet (pbuh). But the Prophet (pbuh) insisted and he had to comply. The Prophet (pbuh) himself walked on foot as he did not want to put too much load on the animal. (Nasai pg. 803) The prisioners of war of Badr included Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet (pbuh). Some people were prepared to forgo their shares and remit the Prophet’s (pbuh) ransom but he declined saying that he could make no distinctions. (Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Chapter â€Å"Ransoms†) During a halt on a journey, the companions apportioned work among themselves for preparing food. The Prophet (pbuh) took upon himself the task of collecting firewood. His companions pleaded that they would do it and that he need not take the trouble, but he replied, â€Å"It is true, but I do not like to attribute any distinction to myself. Allah does not like the man who considers himself superior to his companions

Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water

Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water It is well known that water is one of the most essential elements for all organisms, especially human beings. However, even though people realize how important water is for them they do not drink their daily-recommended amount of water. Therefore, organizations form water campaigns to encourage people to drink 8 to 12 glasses per day, which maintains the body’s hydration.Nevertheless, most people believe that water campaigns are uninteresting, which makes them ineffective. Evian and Nestle are water companies that try to market their products through their ads that motivate people to drink more water so that they live young and healthy. Furthermore, the commercials grab people’s attention by using creative and artistic ideas that send to customers the same message that the water campaigns but in a fast and creative way, which convince people to buy bottled water even though they ca n consume it for free.Nestle is one of the world’s largest food companies that also sells mineral water marketed by an inspired advertisement. This Nestle Pure life water TV commercial starts with a picture of the Nestle bottle of water and the question  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why does your body need 8 glasses a day of Nestle Pure Life†. The background of the advertisement is both blue and white which matches the nestle bottle of water. Although water is colorless, the Nestle Company probably chose blue because it is used almost always to represent the purity of water (Kalyan Meola, 2005).The background includes a large picture of the number 8, which represents the number of glasses of water people should drink daily, and it is illustrated in an artistic way since it is also blue and include reflections on the number’s edges. The question â€Å"Why does your body need 8 glasses a day of Nestle Pure Life† is answered by a short video that explains the importance of hydra tion. The second part of the advertisement starts with a brunette model who seems to be in her thirties.The model’s skin color and facial features do not indicate a particular nationality, which allows this ad to be shown in different countries that can relate to it. In the third part of the advertisement the model starts to drink the water and takes us on a tour that demonstrates the model’s respiratory and digestive system in a creative way. Additionally, the Nestle water becomes an image of a waterfall in a tropical jungle.I believe that using a forest in this ad sends a message to customers that the Nestle water company products are natural. Besides that, the ad includes a family playing in the waterfall, and that is a way to motivate and attract people, especially young children, to live healthy and drink Nestle Pure Water. What grabbed my attention is that the waterfall is circulating around numerous kinds of red and pink flowers that are arranged in the shape of the human heart.Using pink flowers for the heart will convince people that drinking 8 glasses of water is necessary for the body’s health. Moreover, while watching the video ad I discovered that it creates an illusion of a human body out of nature such as the body’s lungs, which are represented by various tropical plants, and the intestine, which is created from a waterfall. Finally, the model turns out to be a mother with a healthy body shape standing with her son and husband in a green mountain range area.The Mother is wearing a purple top with a bright pink 3-quarter trouser, which suits the layout of the advertisement. Furthermore, both the father and his son are wearing shorts only that show us their healthy figure that means that Nestle Pure Water keeps the body healthy. Obviously, Evian is a brand of mineral water that uses creativity in order to market its pure water. The ‘Live Young’ Evian water advertisement shows many people wearing a t-shirt t hat creates the illusion that these models have the body of an infant.Although the phrase ‘Live Young’ usually refers to being adventurous, using this illusion sends the message that bottled water companies try to achieve which is the purity of their products. Babies, as newborns, are pure because most of them lack diseases and stress. Looking at the layout of the advertisement, the white background makes the advertisement very positive as it represents calmness and purity; besides, it makes the models’ white T-shirts fade into the light background, which makes the baby bodies seem real.Furthermore, the advertisement’s models are of various ethnicities, which allow more people to relate to it, and help the ad become globally well known since it can be displayed in any country. Besides that, most models are young, yet others are older, which motivates older customers to buy Evian water too. Furthermore, what grabbed my attention is that all of the models ha ve healthy looking bodies, which suggests that drinking Evian Pure Water will keep you not only young but also healthy. The song â€Å"Wordy Rappinghood† is used to form a high-spirited mood as the models move to the beat.Additionally, the models in the commercial are active, and doing different things like drinking water, looking at their shirts, laughing and playing with their hair. All in all, water has always been the source of life for humans. However, people do not actually drink the amount water needed for their body. Therefore, the water companies try to break the routine of water campaigns by creating new artistic commercials that motivate people to become healthier by drinking water and to by their pure bottled water rather than drinking free tap water.Nestle Pure Water and Evian Water Company commercials are great examples since they both market their products and influence people to live a healthy life. References Duncan. (2011, April 20). Evian Babies Are Back to Live Young. Retrieved from http://theinspirationroom. com/daily/2011/evian-babies-are-back-to-live-young/ Meola, K. V. (2005). The Psychology of Color. Hohonu , 3, 2. Nestle Pure Life Natural Spring Water. (n. d. ). Retrieved May 27, 2011, from http://www. nestle-waters. ca/en/ourbrands/pure_life. htm

To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. The WritePass Journal

To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. Abstract: To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. Abstract:Introduction Justification:Problem Description:Research Questions: RESEACH AIMS OBJECTIVES SIGNIFICANCE AND SCOPE OF STUDY Methodology:Discussion\ Arguments:Bibliography:Related Abstract: This research study involves a desconstructive approach to one of the most remarkable highlights of New Media\ Digital Media, which has been none other than the phenomenal growth of social networks which have definitely become the most domineering and conclusive communication tools of the modern society. Business and industry have taken full advantage of this innovation to incorporate personal and community profiles information sharing as effective human resource management and recruitment practice. Corporate businesses use of potential employee information for recruitment campaigns and subsequent monitoring and sharing of existing employee behaviour and character information. That has resulted in a whole host of sociology understanding or ethical/moral and legal issues within the topic of Business Management. The methodology of approach used within the research will consist of an ethnography study in a deconstructive manner to investigate the social behaviour adapted in various busi ness environments through a constructivism (epistemology). This will essentially help to understand the sociological behavior of employees and employer engagement, when the implantation of social networks within business and HR between their own experiences and ideas about the subject matter through legal and ethical entities on data protection and corporate law. The research studies main objective is to investigate a niche criteria through a sociological observation on the legal ramifications involved and how organizations are dealing with the matter of mixing business with pleasure, when social networking strategies are implemented. In addition to investigate the main motive of unraveling a riddle that is currently a domineering topic of discussion among the business and human resource world. The outcome of a sociological observation will surface whether there exists any real evidence of increased business organizational productivity or is it just a mere misconception? Introduction Justification: This research study involves a deconstructive approach to one of the most remarkable highlights of New Media\ Digital Media, which has been none other than the phenomenal growth of digital social networks which have definitely become the most domineering and conclusive communication tools of the modern society. Business and industry have taken full advantage of this innovation to incorporate personal and community profiles information sharing as effective human resource management and recruitment practice. Corporate businesses use of potential employee information for recruitment campaigns and subsequent monitoring/ sharing of existing employee behaviour and character information. That has resulted in a whole host of sociology understanding or ethical/moral and legal issues within the topic of Business Management. Problem Description: The massive growth of new media in the recent years and the popularity of digital social networks within business recruitment concept and strategies, there are bound to be corporate interests to radicalise human resource management and recruitment by incorporating social networks as business practice. Currently there is a lot of research available for a general business point of view. Not many researchers have involved the representation of understanding this movement from a sociology perspective. There is not enough observational understanding about this corporate practice, when and how this practice was introduced within business management. What are the ratios and proportions of this human resource management practice and the factors attributable to the current financial crisis? What are the effects of this practice on businesses and employees within local business cultures, ethical/moral codes and legal frameworks? This research intends to introduce the sociological communication of the business society in employee and employer engagement within the business environment in terms of legal or business growth production. This research intends to bridge this information gap. Research Questions: 1. To what extent has the incorporation of social networks in corporate human resource management affected businesses and employees? 2. To what extent have business environments benefited from this practice in various economies under the current economic climate in the form of Business Growth and Productivity? 3. What is the main kind of concept and strategy imploded for using social networks as an E-Tool for corporate recruitment? 4. To what extent have various conflicts surfaced between employer and employee engagement on a social level within offices? 5. To what extent has the universal policies and privacies of one social network impacted upon business policies and terms in the form of culture, race religion and offices operating in different countries for the same organisation? 6. What kind of ethical/moral and legal issues has arisen directly as a result of this new development within business recruitment practices? RESEACH AIMS OBJECTIVES 1. To research and investigate a resource management sample using digital social networks within everyday business environment. 2. To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. 3. To identify and analyse the ethical/moral issues generated by human resource management practices within the sample company. 4. To ascertain and understand the cultural/social among employee/employer regarding the use of digital social networks for human resource management within the sample. 5. To highlight the legal issues regarding the rules and regulations of digital social networks incorporated within human resource management and the local laws to that effect within the sample. SIGNIFICANCE AND SCOPE OF STUDY The findings of this study will bring about the awareness, information and understanding of personal/community information sharing and monitoring as conceived by HR management and recruitment practices and associated aspects of various social, cultural, ethical/moral and legal issues within the sample countries. The knowledge attributed to this research will be very useful in formulating new rules and regulations regarding data protection, human rights, civil liberties and employment laws locally and globally. This knowledge will also be of imperative importance for future development of digital social networks policies, agreements/licensing and rules/regulations for their users. Methodology: The methodology of approach used within the research will consist of an ethnography study in a deconstructive manner to investigate the social behaviour adapted in various business environments through a constructivism (epistemology). This will essentially help to understand the sociological behaviour of employees and employer engagement, when the implantation of social networks within business and HR between their own experiences and ideas about the subject matter through legal and ethical entities on data protection and corporate law. The research studies main objective is to investigate a niche criteria through a sociological observation on the legal ramifications involved and how organizations are dealing with the matter of mixing business with pleasure, when social networking strategies are implemented. The outcome of a sociological observation will surface whether there exists any real evidence of increased business organizational productivity or is it just a mere misconception ? Discussion\ Arguments: The reason for adapting an Ethnography methodology for this PhD study provides an obvious rational. Ethnography methodology is used with certain academic disciplines especially Social Sciences. Ethnographic research comes from the discipline of social and cultural anthropology where an ethnographer is required to spend a significant amount of time in the field. Ethnographers immerse themselves in the lives of the people they study and seek to place the phenomena studied in their social and cultural context Ethnographic research comes from the discipline of social and cultural anthropology where an ethnographer is required to spend a significant amount of time in the field (Lewis, 1985: p. 380). My research topic is a clear indication of requiring an Ethnographic research as it is investigating the social context of business organisations cultural anthropology. As I will be observing how employees and employers engage with social network during a business working environment to conduction a sociological observation. After early ground-breaking work by Wynn (1979), Suchman (1987) and Zuboff (1988), ethnography has now become more widely used in the study of information systems in organizations, from the study of the development of information systems (Orlikowski, 1991) to the study of aspects of information technology management (Davies, 1991; Davies Nielsen, 1992). Ethnography has also been discussed as a method whereby multiple perspectives can be incorporated in systems design (Holzblatt Beyer, 1993) and as a general approach to the wide range of possible studies relating to the investigation of information systems (Pettigrew, 1985). Ethnography is a research strategy that focuses upon describing and interpreting the social world through first-hand field study. The purpose of ethnography is to describe and explain the social world the research subjects inhabit in the way on which they describe and explain it. Although not a dominant research strategy in business, ethnography is very appropriate if the researcher wishes to gain insights about a particular context and better understand and interpret it from the perspective of those involved (Saunders et al., 2007). Researchers into management and organisations become ethnographers by working for a time in the business and the organisations they study and as a result, they become participant observers (Fisher, 2007). In participant observation the researcher attempts to participate fully in the lives and activities of subjects under study in order to understand the meaning and significances that people put upon the behaviour of them and others (Wisker, 2001). We wil l adopt the role of ‘’participant as observer† which means that our identity as researchers would be clear to all concerned and the subjects will be aware of the fact that this is a field study (Saunders et al., 2007). This will enable us to enter in the setting, in this case in a service QC, become part of the group and capture what people actually do, rather than what they say they do. Our objective is to fully involve and take part in order to see what people are doing, and why and this will enable the registration of experiences and behaviours at first hand in a detailed way, from the â€Å"inside† (Evered Reis-Luis, 1981). In addition, adopting this role allows the data to be gathered in a way that we are not covert and we will be benefited by determining from the members of the circle â€Å"what the problem really is†. Taking the time and effort to listen to the people doing the job can lead to valuable insight and deep understanding of the si tuation and their attitude towards QCs. It is our opinion that this methodology can provide us with all the appropriate qualitative information and data in order to investigate QCs in an efficient way. Finally, the semi- structured interviews will provide us with further detailed information and will supplement the data gathered by the observation. Members of QCs as well as facilitators will be interviewed in order to describe their experience as members and it will give us the opportunity to examine their personal views about the concept and purpose of QCs. Moreover, interviews will provide us feedback in order to compare our understanding and analysis of the situation with the views of members, since the conclusions of our observation will be discussed. Bibliography: Myers, Michael D. (1999) Investigating Information Systems with Ethnographic Research, Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 2, Article 23. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol2/iss1/23 Wynn, E. (1979), â€Å"Office conversation as an information medium†, Unpublished PhD thesis, Universityof California, Berkeley, CA. Lewis,I.M. (1985) Social Anthropology in Perspective.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress. Suchman, L. (1987), Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication, CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge. Holzblatt, K. and Beyer, H. (1993), â€Å"Making customer-centered design work for teams†, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 36 No. 10, pp. 93-103. Orlikowski, W.J. (1991), â€Å"Integrated information environment or matrix of control? The contradictory implications of information technology†, Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 9-42. Davies, L.J. (1991), â€Å"Researching the organisational culture contexts of information systems strategy†, in Nissen, H.E., Klein, H.K. and Hirschheim, R. (Eds), Information Systems Research in the 1990s, Elsevier/NorthHolland,Amsterdam. Davies, L.J. and Nielsen, S. (1992), â€Å"An ethnographic study of configuration management and documentation practices in an information technology centre†, inKendall, K.E., Lyytinen, K. and De Gross, J. (Eds), The Impact of Computer-supported Technology on Information Systems Development, Elsevier/NorthHolland,Amsterdam. Pettigrew, A.M. (1985), â€Å"Contextualist research and the study of organizational change processes†, in Mumford, E., Hirschheim, R., Fitzgerald, G. and Wood-Harper, A.T. (Eds), Research Methods in Informations, North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 53-78.

How to Cold Read for an Audition

How to Cold Read for an Audition Imagine that you are at an audition. The casting director hands you a script that you have never read before. Now, he or she expects you to look at the lines for about a minute and then somehow deliver your characters lines brilliantly. That’s cold reading. It does sound rather chilling, doesn’t it? But follow these steps and you’ll eventually warm up to the idea. Research the Material If you are auditioning for a movie or television show, you might not be able to read the script in advance, but don’t let that stop you from researching the role. Use the internet, trade magazines like Variety and Hollywood Reporter, and any other sources to find out about the storyline and the character types that the directors might be looking for. If you are auditioning for a play, you should be able to obtain a copy of the script. (Try your local library or, if the play is a classic that is in the public domain, do an Internet search.) If you can read the play in advance, do so. Get to know the characters inside and out. Practice reading the lines. If you’re truly ambitious, memorize a few key scenes or monologues. Another excellent resource is YouTube. Do a search for the plays title and you will often find several videos of scenes from the play. If you can do this, then you’ll be a step ahead of other actors who have no idea what the play is about. Don’t Block Your Face This is a simple, but an incredibly important piece of advice. Because the script will be in your hands during your audition, you might be tempted to hold the words right in front of your face. Don’t. The director wants to see your facial expressions. If you hide behind the script, you’ll never get the part. Relax This is good advice for auditions in general. If your nerves get the better of you, the director might see that script shaking in your hand. You want to try not to look and sound uncomfortable or tense - even if you are. Does this step just stress you out even more? Then you should take some time to learn how to relax. Remember also that most directors realize how stressful auditioning is for actors. If during your audition you feel you have completely blown it, you can ask to start over. The answer is often yes. Practice Reading Aloud This kind of practice is essential to mastering cold reading. Whenever you get the chance, read out loud. And don’t just read the words in a monotone voice, read the words with emotion. Read the words â€Å"in character.† Find opportunities to read to others: Read storybooks to children.Read magazine articles to friends.Read poetry to your family.Read this article out loud to your computer. The more you read aloud, the more natural your voice will sound. Remember, the challenge of cold reading is to sound as though you are saying those written words spontaneously. Practice provides increased confidence. Move While You Read During a cold read audition, most actors stand still as they read from the script. However, if it seems appropriate for your character to move, feel free to move. Therefore, as you practice reading aloud, make certain you incorporate natural movements. Nothing extreme, nothing too distracting. Go with what feels right, or what the stage directions indicate. Remember, body language is also a major part of the audition. Listen and React Many â€Å"cold readers† mistakenly look down at their script while their fellow actors are delivering their lines. Instead, you should be in character, listening and reacting to their words. Much of your audition relies on how you respond to the other characters. Be Creative and Receptive to New Ideas There are limitless ways to read a scene or monologue. Show your creativity by developing unique characters. The director may ask you to read the part in a different way. Embrace the director’s suggestions and demonstrate what a team player you can be. Your creativity, your cold reading skills, and your professionalism will all help you during your auditions. Break a leg!

Researching in Business management 2 Literature review

Researching in Business management 2 - Literature review Example As per my research topic I chose that how efficiently UEL undergraduates are planning their future lives and choosing their career. This is a small scale research project where I have chose two different data collection methods they are questionnaire and interview among from three different data collection methods the last one is observation approach. This research is very important for the undergraduate students of UEL as well as the organization which ready to come to the campus to recruit these students and for faculties also. For students that they can evaluate themselves and start thinking straight for their future, teachers can have a clear prospective and view about their students thought process and it will be easy for them to help students accordingly. For industry recruiters that they can evaluate and find right mind for the right kind of profession in their respective organisation. 2. Research Methodology: 2.1 Methods Used: For this research I used both the pillars of mark eting research they are primary and secondary research approach. For primary research best way to complete that is survey method. For data collection approach as I said earlier that among the three different approaches (Questionnaire, Observation and interview), I choose two of them like Questionnaire and Interview methods. For students I chose questionnaire data collection method as they have enough time and patience to do that. But for industry experts and human resource management of various industries as they do not have that much time to evaluate each question and they are professionals so I chose to take interview data collection approach. One to one personal interview is a costly and time consuming one but this interview is best suitable for the qualitative answers from the professionals. As it is a small research so while on data analysis I have to take the help of secondary research as well. Quantitative questions are close ended type in nature here the response from the re spondents will be premeditative and there will be no chance of uncertainty. So compiling of these data will easier as the results are predetermined in nature. But for qualitative responses, response will be explorative and descriptive in nature. Primary research can be descriptive, explorative, causal or very casual in nature. Descriptive research will be at that time when the researcher is doing a research on a broader topic which base is situated among several topics but for explorative research the topic need to be out of the box kind of and very few or no previous research is done on that topic. Here researchers need to look forward to innovative responses and need to explore various approaches. For causal research, researcher will research on cause and effect of a given problem or research project. 2.2 Sample: The most appropriate sampling method is simple random sampling technique. For the students of UEL close ended, quantitative, questionnaire method is the best suitable sam ple technique and for industry experts and human resource department of various organisations qualitative, open ended, interview method is best suitable. As two type of research methods are taken for two different target groups, so questionnaire also will be split up into two different modules. For questionnaire research method the close ended

History Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

History Discussion - Research Paper Example The passage of Missouri compromise was very important in that it was the first attempt to get a solution to the matter concerning slavery. But, it is also significant to note that it did not remove the underlying problems. There still existed free and slave States and the divisions over slavery would take years and bloody outbreak of civil war to resolve the issue. The Missouri Compromise in 1820 was engineered to allow Missouri to become a slave State while Maine on the other side a Free State. In this manner, the number of Slave and Free States in America would in turn become equal leading to a balanced share of power in Congress without any State or region benefiting at the expense of the other. The most significant aspect of the Missouri compromise was that there was an agreement that no State or territory to the North of Missouri Southern Border could accept to enter the Union as State that accepted slavery (Burgan 44). This part of compromise eventually stopped slavery from spreading to the rest of Louisiana Purchase. The Northern States strongly opposed slavery while the Southern States were in favor of it. Expansion of slavery in the U.S would imply that there would be an increase in territorial population and space. This at the end would mean that the Southern States had more power or increased power in the House. In addition, the Southern States had less black population as compared to the Northern States. The U.S House had three fifth of black population while the rest was white population. Therefore, approval of Missouri as a slave Sate would imply that there would be increased Southern representation in the House thus making the Northern States insecure. In addition, the Missouri compromise of 1820 made the congress to reach a compromise over slavery issue in that it reached its first compromise on how to regulate slavery in new States and Territories. While the

Responding to Global Warming Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Responding to Global Warming - Term Paper Example The political factors have an enormous power over the regulations governing the retail business along with the control on the spending power of the consumer, the control over monopoly of a single large retailer in the market and the availability of such retail services to most customers situated across the country. The following issues or political factors can be looked upon as either threat or opportunity for Tesco in the next ten years: Stability of the political environment –Threat and Opportunity - A government in power will formalize rules governing the business of Tesco and the influence that Tesco will have over a government, as an environmentally friendly business. Government’s position on marketing ethics– Threat and Opportunity – The rules laid down by the government to make a business more environmentally friendly will have a profound effect on the money spent to be more environmentally compliant. However, this would also ensure that Tesco gains advantage by advertising its efforts to help global warming cause through advertisements and thus, gain popularity. Trading agreement of Tesco with other countries – Threat – Given the global nature of Tesco’s business, the different laws laid down by different Governments such as EU, NAFTA, ASEAN etc, can hamper the uniformity of Tesco’s policies for being environmentally friendly. The economic factors are the most vital ingredient for the success of a business. Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long terms, especially for planning international marketing. The issues of interest rates, a rate of inflation, employment level per capita, the long-term prospects for the economy Gross Domestic product per capita, etc, can all affect the revenue of a company and thus the budgetary allocation on adopting environmental friendly methods of business. Thus, the economic factors can be looked upon as threats and as well as opportunities.

Fruit Juice Industry Strategies

Fruit Juice Industry Strategies There are a number of drinks, in the beverage industry. They are divided into various branches. Talking about the fruit juice industry, they include natural juices and artificial juices or the man made ones. People have a number of tastes and they vary from person to person. The fruit juice industry has a number of companies. They include Vadilal, Jumpin, Kissan, Real, Onjus, Kool Kokum, Frooti, Appy, Joly Jely, Yo Fruity, Noga, Midland, Goldcoin, Druk, Tropicana etc. as the market is growing and so is the demand from the public, therefore it compels the companies to bring out new and new products from time to time in order to cater to the demands and requirements of the public. Parle Agro, which introduced the concept of mango fruit juice, named it as Frooti. In the beginning it was a huge success, with the company earning profits and at that point of time, the company did not even have much of the competitors. It positioned itself as a drink for kids. But later on, as the market saw the entrance of new and new players and the market got saturated with the number of companies providing fruit juices with a number of variants. This made parle to reposition itself and change the perception of the public. It had to change itself from drinks for kids to a drink for adults. For that it came out with a number of marketing campaigns and other strategies in order to sustain itself in the market and protect frooti from getting into the declining stage of product life cycle. A tremendous number of food items like: beverages, alcohol, bread biscuits, frozen food, saffron, snacks, spices seasonings etc. all are included under the category of Food Beverages. The food and beverage industry consists of high level of market segment, huge variety of products, huge number of companies and many other characteristics. The food and beverage industry represents a diverse set of products and processes: fresh, frozen, chilled, and long shelf-life food and beverage products are manufactured, distributed, imported, and marketed to consumers, retailers, catering services, and other manufacturers. Food and beverage manufacturing facilities use large amounts of energy for cooking, cooling, freezing, and cold storage and transport. The manufacture export of food beverage has been constantly increasing since past few years. Food beverage industry has become a big factor and has been constantly adding to the revenues of the countries. While all beverages hydrate, few of them also provide various important nutrients that our body needs. Few of them relax us, few energize us and few just satisfy our natural taste for sweetness, maybe with or without calories. Some help us to perform our best, on the other hand, some can help us in managing our health. Any beverage can be part of a weight-maintenance diet. For many people who enjoy sweetened coffee drinks, soft drinks and other beverages with calories, this requires using good judgment when it comes to how much (portion size) and how often these beverages are consumed. Fortunately for those who watch their weight, there is also a wide variety of low-calorie thirst-quenching beverages, including waters, teas, coffee, and diet soft drinks. India being the second largest market for fruits and vegetables in the world. The overall and the total production of fruits and vegetables is estimated to be around 148.5 million tones, out of which around 48.5 million tones is accounted by fruits only and the rest for vegetables which is around 100 million tones. However, the fruit juice market has not been fully tapped because of poor infrastructure, poor storage facilities, and highly unorganized market, chiefly constituted by road side vendors. Consumers still prefer to buy juices from road side vendors even if the juices are unhygienic. The major growth drivers in fruit juice market are, increase in health consciousness among consumers, increase in disposable incomes, and more sophisticated cocktail culture.1 Indian fruit juice market It is a newly developing and an unorganized market. Only recently this sector is getting more organized and attracting more players in the market. Though the unorganized corner shop vendors dominate this market, Indian consumers are moving towards branded fruit juice because of their improvement in health consciousness. Indian fruit juice market is having a net-worth of 275 crores as of now and increasing at a rate of 35% to 40% per year. This study was conducted to identify the existing market structure, industry trends, existing players and their status in the market, growth possibilities and consumer behavior of existing fruit juice consumers. The study was conducted to understand the total market intelligence so that it can guide any new entrant in this sector in Indian market would get befitted. The study includes both primary and secondary research. Primary research was conducted across India. Primary research involves collecting information from both consumers and retailers so as to get better understanding about the market. This research report can serve as a guide for any new entrant who wants to enter in this fruit juice market in India. The report can also serve as a basic industry information resource. The branded fruit juice market in India is estimated to be worth Rs 500 crore organised fruit beverage market (nectars, drinks and juices combined) and the segment is growing at about 30 per cent per annum. Big players like Dabur, Pepsi, Godrej and Parle Agro are already in the market and in view of the swift growth in the market, newcomers like Surya Foods and Agro, Mother Dairy, Ladakh Foods, Pioma Industries have come into the market with new products in the recent years. Chief Executive Officer of Dabur Foods told Food Beverage news in an interview that the market share of Daburs Real Fruit juice is now 60 per cent. No doubt Daburs Real Fruit juice is the market leader followed by Pepsis Tropicana. The two major fruit juice makers in India, Tropicana and Dabur are going all out to tease Indian taste buds with ethnic flavours. However, Godrejs Jumpin is slowly achieving its space in the fruit juice market. Godrej Industries Foods Division has introduced fruit juices under the Xs brand, which earlier only consisted of nectars. Parle Agros Frooti and N-Joi too are doing well in the market. Delhi NCR-based Surya Foods and Agro Ltd, manufacturers of Priyagold biscuits, has forayed into the juices segment. Mother Dairy has recently launched the Safal brand of juices. Safal is currently available in orange, mixed fruit, grape and an orange-apple combination. Ladakh Foods, makers of the Leh Berry seabuckthorn berry drink, has now launched an apple-peach com bination juice and a mixed fruit variant. Ahmedabad-based Pioma Industries, makers of the Rasna brand of soft drink concentrates, test marketed a diluted mango juice in Andhra Pradesh recently. There are now racks filled with fruit juices, nectars and drinks. Traditionally, the Indian life style has a predilection for fresh fruits and vegetables or those processed at home. There is a sea change. People, are now increasingly going in for fresh fruit vending from kiosk fountains, which produce instant juices from fresh fruits in the presence of the consumer. It could be due to the non-availability of hygienically produced and well-preserved products with the use of preservatives. That is why some of the real but branded fruit juices launched in the late 1980s and early 1990s did not succeed. There has been a steady rise in the capacity, production and capacity utilisation in the fruit processing units. The processing capacity had gone up from 0.9 mn tonnes in 1990-91 to 2.1 mn tonnes in 1999-00. The capacity utilisation improved from 31% to 47%, with the production in 1999-00 estimated to have increased to 980,000 tonnes. The official reports do not show any substantial increase in total output although branded drinks do show a healthy improvement. There is no general acceptance of the product forms in the fruit drinks market. The consumer is basically concerned that it is a fruit juice and not a synthetically constituted product. Accordingly, the first segmentation is between real fruit drinks and synthetic drinks. The former are based on natural fruit pulp or juice. The others are synthetic products containing fruit flavours. Among the fruit juice beverages are fruit juices (Pepsis Tropicana), nectars (Daburs Real) and fruit drinks (Frooti and Slice). All these are re al, reconstituted from fruit pulps or concentrates. The leading fruit juice brands include Real, Onjus, Tropicana, Frooti, Jumpin. The fruit drinks are mainly based on oranges, mangoes, pineapples, grapes, apples, guava and tomato. They only differ in pulp content: the juices have over 85%, nectars (20% to 85%) and fruit drinks (less than 20%). The branded fruit juices market inclusive of nectars is placed at about Rs 10 bn. The pure fruit juices are the preferred drink among the fruit drinks. This segment is growing at around 10% annually. The market for fruit juices is expected to grow to Rs. 7.50 bn by end 2009-10 from nearly Rs. 4.75 bn presently. Dabur Foods has launched Real Junior, a 125 ml pack of apple and mango drinks for children below 6 years of age. Pioma Industries, the maker of Rasna brand of soft drink concentrate, was negotiating a joint venture with Del Monte Foods of the USA. Del Monte is the largest producer of canned fruits and vegetables in the US. Rasna has set up its first production unit in Himachal Pradesh, with an installed capacity of 350,000 cases a year. The Prakash Chauhan-controlled Parle Agro was to launch two new fruit beverages, besides widening its product portfolio by getting into jams and ketchups. The poduction units were planned in Maharashtra. The company slashed the prices of Frooti and Appy to gain market share. Merisant India, a subsidiary of Merisant USA and makers of Equal, the low calorie sweetener, has introduced a powdered soft drink under the brand, Fix, in the Indian market. The drink is low in calories and will be sold in different flavours peach, orange, mango, pineapple and lemon. Juice is the liquid naturally contained in fruit or vegetable tissue. Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fresh fruits or vegetables without the application of heat or solvents. For example, orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruits and vegetables using variety of hand or electric juicers. Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high-pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage. Juice may be marketed in concentrate form, sometimes frozen, requiring the user to add water to reconstitute the liquid back to its original state. However, concentrates generally have a noticeably different taste from that of their fresh-squeezed counterparts. Other juices are reconstituted before packaging for retail sale. Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning,pasteurization, freezing, evaporation and spray drying. Theoretical background Positioning In marketing, positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Re-positioning involves changing the identity of a product, relative to the identity of competing products, in the collective minds of the target market. What most will agree on is that Positioning is something (perception) that happens in the minds of the target market. It is the aggregate perception the market has of a particular company, product or service in relation to their perceptions of the competitors in the same category. It will happen whether or not a companys management is proactive, reactive or passive about the on-going process of evolving a position. But a company can positively influence the perceptions through enlightened strategic actions. Positioning is about how you differentiate your product or service in the mind of your prospect. The Essence of Positioning Positioning is a new approach to communication, advertising andmarketing. It is an organized system for finding a window in the mind of your prospect in order to position effectively over there a product a merchandise, a service, a company, or a person against its main competitors. This system is based on the concept that communication can only take place at the right time and under the right circumstances. The mind accepts only that new information which matches its current state. It filters out everything else. In other words, positioning is a process by which a psychological anchor has been placed into the minds of prospects so that they come to choose one specific person or company over another. Positioning is what you do to the mind of the prospect you look for the solution of your problem inside the prospects mind. Anyone can use positioning strategy to get ahead in the game of life. Positioning is a process that focuses on conveying product value to buyers, resulting in a family of documents which drive all outbound communications. Yet in recent years, it seems as if positioning has devolved into a document of vague superlatives that convey nothing as they attempt to trick the customer into buying the product. The best positioning clearly states how the product will solve specific customer problems. Positioning a Brand in the Marketplace Without the ability to de-average a companys consumer base, marketing activities would wander off in the general direction of a theoretical average consumer. Yet too often, segmentation efforts dont lead to business actions that create value Many customer analytic models and segmentation systems provide insight into who should be targeted or what message to deliver; but the models themselves rarely offer an optimum long-term contact strategy. What can you do to attain ongoing and consistent profitability from your customer segments? A brands position is the set of perceptions, impressions, ideas and feelings that consumers have for the product compared with competing products. Marketers plan positions that give their products the greatest advantage in selected target markets, and they design marketing mixes to create these planned positions. In planning their positioning, marketers often prepare perceptual maps that show consumer perceptions of their brand versus competing brands on attributes that are important to the consumer, whether functional or symbolic. Perceptual Maps are useful for these key reasons: * Assessing strengths and weaknesses relative to competing brands along certain criteria important to the customer. o This is revealed by the positions of the marketers brand and competing brands along the axes. http://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/brand_positioning/ 5 Factors of Brand Positioning Last week, I wrote about how to break through branding clutter by defining yourbrands unique value proposition then owning it in the the marketplace thereby establishing your brands position. Today, lets take a look at the 5 main factors that go into defining a brand position. 1. Brand Attributes What the brand delivers through features and benefits to consumers. 2. Consumer Expectations What consumers expect to receive from the brand. 3. Competitor attributes What the other brands in the market offer through features and benefits to consumers. 4. Price An easily quantifiable factor Your prices vs. your competitors prices. 5. Consumer perceptions The perceived quality and value of your brand in consumers minds (i.e., does your brand offer the cheap solution, the good value for the money solution, the high-end, high-price tag solution, etc.?). http://www.corporate-eye.com/blog/2008/07/5-factors-of-brand-positioning/ Positioning concepts More generally, there are three types of positioning concepts: Functional positions Solve problems Provide benefits to customers Get favorable perception by investors (stock profile) and lenders Symbolic positions Self-image enhancement Ego identification Belongingness and social meaningfulness Affective fulfillment Experiential positions Provide sensory stimulation Provide cognitive stimulation Product Positioning Process Generally, the product positioning process involves: Defining the market in which the product or brand will compete (who the relevant buyers are) Identifying the attributes (also called dimensions) that define the product space Collecting information from a sample of customers about their perceptions of each product on the relevant attributes Determine each products share of mind Determine each products current location in the product space Determine the target markets preferred combination of attributes (referred to as an ideal vector) Examine the fit between: The position of your product The position of the ideal vector Position. Measuring the positioning Positioning is facilitated by a graphical technique called perceptual mapping, various survey techniques, and statistical techniques like multi dimensional scaling, factor analysis, conjoint analysis, and logit analysis. Repositioning a company In volatile markets, it can be necessary even urgent to reposition an entire company, rather than just a product line or brand. Take, for example, when Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley suddenly shifted from investment to commercial banks. The expectations of investors, employees, clients and regulators all need to shift and each company will need to influence how these perceptions change. Doing so involves repositioning the entire firm. This is especially true of small and medium-sized firms, many of which often lack strong brands for individual product lines. In a prolonged recession, business approaches that were effective during healthy economies often become ineffective and it becomes necessary to change a firms positioning. Upscale restaurants, for example, which previously flourished on expense account dinners and corporate events, may for the first time need to stress value as a sale tool. Repositioning a company involves more than a marketing challenge. It involves making hard decisions about how a market is shifting and how a firms competitors will react. Often these decisions must be made without the benefit of sufficient information, simply because the definition of volatility is that change becomes difficult or impossible to predict. A strong strategic plan with a new and powerful dynamic can help you get there. Strategic Planning with a major emphasis on Strategic Repositioning harnesses your unique strengths to achieve success in the marketplace. Strategic Repositioning is a process by which your company identifies its strategic competencies and discovers ways to exploit those strengths in order to propel your firm into a more prosperous and competitive future. Incorporating this element into the strategic planning process can help turn a struggling business around or guide an already successful enterprise into new and profitable territory. http://jobfunctions.bnet.com/abstract.aspx?docid=379140tag=content;col1 Brand Repositioning is changing the positioning of a brand. A particular positioning statementmay not work with a brand. For instance, Dettol toilet soap was positioned as a beauty soap initially. This was not in line with its core values. Dettol, the parent brand (anti-septic liquid) was known for its ability to heal cuts and gashes. The extensions beauty positioning was not in tune with the parents germ-kill positioning. The soap, therefore, had to be repositioned as a germ-kill soap (bath for grimy occasions) and it fared extremely well after repositioning. Here, the soap had to be repositioned for image mismatch. There are several other reasons for repositioning. Often falling or stagnant sales is responsible for repositioning exercises. After examining the repositioning of several brands from the Indian market, the following 9 types of repositioning have been identified. These are: Increasing relevance to the consumer Increasing occasions for use Making the brand serious Falling sales Bringing in new customers Making the brand contemporary Differentiate from other brands Changed market conditions. http://drypen.in/branding/brand-repositioning-and-types-of-brand-repositioning.html Frooti : Fresh N Juicy By: Parle Agro foods Background of Parle Agro foods Parle Products Pvt Ltd based in Mumbai, India has been Indias largest manufacturer of biscuits and confectionery, for almost 80 years. Makers of the worlds largest selling biscuit, Parle-G, and a host of other very popular brands. Its reach spans even to the remotest villages of India. Many of the Parle products biscuits or confectioneries, are market leaders in their category and have won acclaim at the Monde Selection, since 1971. With a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the total confectionery market in India, Parle has grown to become a multi-million dollar company. They have recently entered the snacks market. Biscuit Snacks: Parle-G (Largest selling biscuit in the world.) Krackjack Monaco Hide Seek Hide Seek Milano Cheeslings Musst Bites Digestive Marie Parle Marie Milk Shakti Musst Chips Musst Stix Monaco Smart Chips parle twenty-twenty Hippo Confectioneries: Poppins (Sugar based candies in various fruit flavours.) Melody (Chocolate candy) Xhale (Mint) Mango Bite Kaccha Mango Bite Kismi Toffee Mintrox Butter cup Orange Candy Drinks: Mango Frooti (mango juice) LMN (lemonade) Saint Juice (flavoured juices sold in tetra-packs) Appy classic Appy fizz Bailey V3 fitness About Frooti Frooti is Indias legendary and iconic mango drink. It has been around for over two and a half decades now. Pretty much what Nike or McDonalds or Guinness or Ikea is to the world, Frooti is to India. Theres not one person in India who hasnt had a Frooti. By sheer numbers and its depth of distribution in India and availability in more than 20 countries, Frooti is perhaps one of the largest selling mango drinks in the world. During the brand study, here are a few things we realized. When Frooti came into existence over 2 decades ago, it came in as a really contemporary and youthful drink. Frooti brought Tetra Pak into India. It was cool to have a Frooti. Even the imagery in Frooti communication was way ahead of anything else the Indian society was exposed to. Who can forget classic Frooti commercials in early 80s with pretty girls in mini skirts, hula-hoop, use of CG, people diving into a pool of Frooti, etc., All these, India hadnt seen before. We realized being cool wasnt alien to Frooti, it was just about reinstating the cool factor. Relevantly. However, there was a little something we had to tackle going further. Over the years Frooti was blessed with a lot of child and adolescent loyalists. There have seldom been birthday parties without a Frooti. Can we without alienating them create a similar cult following with youth? With about 60% of India being a part of that segment. We were aware that frooti had made attempts in the past. Digen Verma by Everest and Bindass campaign by Grey, were both tried. While they did create an initial buzz, they lacked a long term strategy or longevity perhaps. We concluded. So, the exercise was essentially to arrive at a strategic idea thats much sharper and a thought or a philosophy Frooti can own and reinvent itself for years. Frooti is the first tetrapak fruit juice in India. Launched in 1984, Frooti still holds a dominant position in the Rs300 crore tetrapak fruit juice (TFJ) market. Frooti over these years have carved out a niche for itself in the market. Frooti instantly caught the fancy of Indian consumer with its tetrapak and some smart campaigns. Initially the drink was positioned as a kids drink. The product was perceived as a healthy fruit drink by the mothers . So within a short span of time ,the brand was an alternative to the unhealthy colas. The tetrapak had other benefits also . Fruit juice is a perishable product and tetrapak have extended the shelf life of Frooti because tetrapaks have 2 layers of paper and a plastic coating that ensured tamper proof and enhanced shelf life. Lured by the success of Frooti, there was a lot of new launches in the TFJ market. Players like Godrej with Jumpin, kissan etc tried their luck in this market but failed to dislodge Frooti. Frooti Faltering Frooti was launched by Parle Agro in 1984. It was the first tetrapak drink to be introduced in the Indian market. By 2000, Frooti had a majority market share of the Rs. 300 crore tetrapak fruit drink market. However analysts felt that this 16-year-old brand had been losing its appeal over the years. The brand, which scored a 100 on product likability and quality and a 95 on product recall, had dropped in the top-of-the-mind ranking to 60, from 95 two years ago. The sales of Frooti also had dropped over the years. The situation worsened with the increase in competition. In addition to the threat it faced from soft drinks marketers, Frooti witnessed heightened competition in its own segment tetrapak fruit drinks2 and juices. With pressure mounting from all sides, Parle Agro was forced to rethink its strategy. To revive the sagging appeal of the brand, it decided on a major relaunch strategy, which focussed on changing its positioning. The relaunch of Frooti aimed at positioning Frooti as a fun, trendy and modern drink targeted at the youth segment, a marked change from its initial positioning as a drink for kids. Said, BL Venkateshwar, Parle Agro vice-president: There has been a change in the consumer psychology. Today sub-segments have been created with the 12-15 year olds calling themselves teenagers and 9-12 year olds as pre-teens. These segments are turning into decision-makers of today with an increase in pocket money. The segment of 16-19 years olds is the new impulse category we are targeting. This segment was therefore strategically very important for Parle Agro. Challenges Frooti is basically a nectar based drink so it is not 100% fruit juice, it also has some preservatives added to increase the shelf life. Although Frooti did not face much competition in the category it created, competition came from a slightly different category, 100% fruit juices. Parle saw the emergence of the 100% fruit drink market and launched Njoy brand but it did not click. Parle could have extended Frooti to this market also . The brand Real from Dabur is the main player in this category. Real effectively positioned itself as a premium healthy drink for adults. Frooti was not able to appeal to adults and was considered as a mango drink while Real is not restricted to any flavour. Frooti also changed its positioning statement from Fresh-N-juicy to Juice Up your life which have not clicked with the customers. Although Frooti enjoys a commanding (75%) market share , Frooti is facing stagnation. May be some serious steps should be taken to increase the usage of the product. The launch of PET bottle Frooti is a step in this direction. Recently Frooti also launched a Green mango variant just to create some hype in the market. Frooti may have to reposition itself again to appeal to cola drinkers. Repositioning of the brand Frooti Frooti was positioned as a mango drink that is Fresh-n-juicy For over a 7 years, the company promoted the product using that famous baseline. The product has tried to create excitement in the market through a series of new variants and packing. But in late ninetees the brand was facing stagnated sales. The company tried to excite the market with an orange and pineapple variant but both the variant bombed. The came the experiment with packaging . The YO! Frooti variant came with a slim paper can aimed at the college going youth. Worried by the stagnating sales, Parle tried to reposition the brand to appeal to youth aged between 16-21. The positioning changed to be more fun based. The package also changed. The old green color of the bottle changed to more bright mango color with lot of graphics added to it. Frooti has come out with a new campaign. The brand had gone in for a complete makeover. The packaging and the positioning has changed. Infact Frooti for the past few years has been trying to catch hold of a consistent theme. It had earlier moved away from the FreshNJuicy positioning . From there onwards, the brand was on a sticky wicket and was not quite settling on a positioning. It had the Bindaas positioning and later Frooti- another name for Mango theme. But the brand was not quite stable on those platforms. Reasons of Repositioning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Loosing market appeal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sales were dropped à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Increase in Competition à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Threat from soft drink marketers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Same segment Competition, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Tetra pack fruit drinks juices Various moves as part of repositioning New packaging The new Frooti has a new modern packaging. The choice of colors and the logo has been tweaked to make the brand more contemporary. Now the packaging is lot more neat and cool. What is more stiking is the change in the positioning of Frooti. Last year, the brand tried to pitch itself as an alternative to mango. Now the brand is trying to be more radical and a little mad. The new campaign is based on a simple consumer observation. Most of us which drink Frooti Tetrapack will try to chase the last drop of Frooti. This habit has been continuing for generations. Knowingly or unknowingly we make funny sounds using the straw when indulging with Frooti. And we all had the habit of breaking those packs for that sound. The agency had tried to capture all these in the new communication. New tagline The brand also has adopted a new baseline Why Grow Up. I think this positioning is a powerful idea which can be sustained for many years provided the creatives are able to think fresh. Even in the new avatar, the brand is retaining the old famous tagline Fresh N Juicy which is good since Frooti has a very strong association with that tagline. Emotional icons Another interesting move by the brand is the creation of Mango-emotions. The brand will now be using mangoticons in its communication which is a really smart idea. The brand using emoticons c